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Venezuelan Elections Amidst U.S. Sanctions: Balancing Democracy and Diplomacy

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As tensions rise between the United States and Venezuela ahead of their upcoming presidential elections, the delicate balance of democracy and diplomacy comes into focus. The US had eased sanctions to encourage dialogue, but recent events have sparked renewed friction, leading to the reimposition of sanctions. Venezuela is grappling with economic challenges and diplomatic strains, especially with recent bans on opposition candidates. As both countries navigate these issues, the future of US-Venezuela relations is uncertain, with potential impacts beyond their borders.

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BRP Sierra Madre: The Waves of Uncertainty Surrounding the Sentry of the Ayungin Shoal

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The BRP Sierra Madre acts as the Philippines’ stronghold over the Second Thomas Shoal against Chinese advances in the South China Sea. In the past year, tensions in the region have escalated, with both nations’ coast guard services engaged in heated confrontations. Due to the shoal’s strategic location, both countries employed risky strategies to pursue their goals of controlling this location. Hence, turning the shoal and the BRP Sierra Madre into the South China Sea’s new geopolitical flashpoint towards the boundaries of a possible conflict.

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The Tian-Shan Gambit: Europe’s Ambitions in Central Asia 

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Central Asia is a vast and resource-rich region situated between three major centers of influence. Formerly part of both the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union, its nations have only recently gained independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. They continue to be influenced by Moscow, although they have made some significant strides towards autonomy in their own right. The Russian military’s actions in Ukraine have continuously eroded the credibility of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), a Russian-led military alliance. This, coupled with a significant loss of soft power in the countries of the post- Soviet space, which traditionally formed part of its sphere of influence, could create an opening for other influential actors to emerge as real alternative partners. The European Union wishes to consider an even more proactive role in Central Asia, given the young nations’ of Central Asia newfound pragmatism in foreign policy and its potential to enhance EU interests.

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Argentina’s Lithium Industry: Reforms and Radical Rhetoric

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President Javier Milei’s ultraliberal policies, including the radical deregulation plan signed into decree DNU 70/2023, aim to revitalize Argentina’s economy by reducing state involvement and promoting private sector growth. Argentina’s lithium industry, critical for the global energy sector, stands to be significantly impacted. The country, poised to outpace Chile as a top lithium producer by 2027, faces major changes under Milei’s governance which emphasizes alignments towards U.S. interests and potentially increases foreign investors’ power, raising concerns among local and Indigenous communities about sustainable development.

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(Analysis) The rise of Private Military Companies in Modern Conflict

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Long have the Private Military Companies (PMCs) lurked in the shadow of the modern conflict; the recent Russo-Ukraine war pushed them to light. This article argues that Wagner is not an exceptional case of a PMC that fully engaged in conventional warfare, but rather a part of the overall trend of the privatization of security on the global level. This article will further examine what conditions contribute to this trend, and how they will affect the nature of future conflicts.

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(Analysis) Finland Finds its Footing in NATO

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Finland has long pursued neutrality as the order of the day. This has been done especially considering its neighbor Russia. Now that it is a new NATO member, it faces a large number of challenges.

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Essequibo Escalation: From Historical Dispute to Modern-day Tensions and the Specter of Military Action

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The Venezuela-Guyana Essequibo dispute reignited in 2015 with ExxonMobil’s oil discovery, escalating under Maduro’s sovereignty claims. Recent actions include a contentious referendum and military exercises. Historical efforts temporarily eased tensions, but post-2015 incidents strained relations. Analysts view a Venezuelan military move as improbable, given global opposition, economic challenges, and unfavorable court rulings. Tensions persist, but military actions seem driven more by domestic considerations than a genuine threat.